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The Arrowsmith School is a private school in Toronto, Ontario, for children in Grades 1 to 12 with learning disabilities (also referred to as "specific learning difficulties").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What are Specific Learning Difficulties: About Dyslexia )〕 The original Arrowsmith School was founded in Toronto in 1980 by Barbara Arrowsmith Young. A second location was opened in May 2005 in Peterborough, Ontario. The Eaton Arrowsmith School, which is modelled on the Toronto school and founded by Howard Eaton, was opened in 2005 in Vancouver, British Columbia with two further branches established in Canada and one in the United States between 2009 and 2014. The school's methodology, known as the Arrowsmith Program, was founded by Arrowsmith Young in 1978 from exercises that she had begun devising for herself in 1977 and which she has said enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties. Her own struggle with learning disability and the rationale for her program are described in her 2012 book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. According to Arrowsmith Young, her methodology is based on research into the principle of neuroplasticity, which suggests that the brain is dynamic and constantly rewiring itself.〔 The program has been incorporated into other public and private schools in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand but has drawn skepticism and criticism from several cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists.〔〔Barmak, Sarah (25 January 2013). ("Can a controversial learning program transform brains?" ). ''Globe and Mail''. Retrieved 4 June 2015.〕 ==History== Barbara Arrowsmith Young and her then-husband, Joshua Cohen founded the original Toronto school in 1980 to teach learning disabled children using the program and exercises that Arrowsmith Young had begun devising for herself in 1978 and which she claimed enabled her to overcome her own severe learning difficulties.〔Doidge, Norman (2008). (Chapter 2: "Building Herself a Better Brain" ), ''The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science''. Penguin. ISBN 9780141038872〕 The original school was housed in a rented building on Yorkville Ave. According to Arrowsmith Young's autobiographical account in her 2012 book, ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain'', she used her middle name for the school in honor of her paternal grandmother (born Louie May Arrowsmith in 1883), who as a young girl had been one of the pioneer settlers of Creston, British Columbia. The Toronto school gradually expanded, and in 1991 she and Cohen decided to open a second school in Brooklyn, New York and wind down the Toronto school. However, by 1994 the New York school had folded, and the marriage of Arrowsmith Young and Cohen had ended. She returned to Toronto and re-opened the school there, this time in a rented building on Yonge St.〔Arrowsmith Young, Barbara (2012). (''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain'' ). pp. 7, 16, 139, 161–162, 187–188. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781451607932〕 The school eventually moved to its present location, a converted house on St. Clair Avenue in the Forest Hill neighborhood of Toronto.〔 George, Lianne (7 November 2008). ("Dumbed down" )'', Maclean's''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.〕 Barbara Arrowsmith Young remains its Director and owner as she does of a second, smaller branch in Peterborough, Ontario which opened in 2005.〔ArrowsmithSchool.org. (Participating Schools: Arrowsmith School Peterborough ). Retrieved 6 June 2015.〕 Both branches saw increasing numbers of students from outside Canada following Arrowsmith Young's 2012 speaking tour to New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom to promote her book ''The Woman Who Changed Her Brain''. In October 2012, international students made up about a third of the student population of the Peterborough branch (seven from Australia, one student from Dubai, and one from the United States).〔McCormick, Rob (9 October 2012). ("Global reach at school for learning disabled" ). ''Peterborough Examiner''. Retrieved 6 June 2015.〕 In 2005 Howard Eaton opened the Eaton Arrowsmith School in Vancouver which is modelled on the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. The Eaton Arrowmith School subsequently established further branches in British Columbia at Victoria in 2009 and White Rock in 2012.〔EatonArrowsmithSchool.com. (About us ). Retrieved 6 June 2015.〕 Eaton then established a branch in the United States at Redmond, Washington, the Eaton Arrowsmith Academy, which opened in September 2014.〔Shen, Molly (25 November 2014). ("New take on learning disabilities: change the brain" ). KOMO News. Retrieved 6 June 2015.〕 Eaton is the owner and Director of all four Eaton Arrowsmith schools. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arrowsmith School」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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